Unlock your potential in UX research with our advanced course focusing on usability studies and data analysis. Gain practical skills to enhance software applications through real-world usability testing. Perfect for experienced researchers looking to deepen their expertise!

Elevate UX Research - Advanced Usability Study Course

# Transform Your UX Research Skills with Advanced Usability Studies!

Welcome to the Elevate UX Research course, where seasoned UX researchers like you can master advanced usability testing techniques and data analysis. This course is designed to deepen your knowledge and skills through hands-on projects and real-world applications. Prepare to engage stakeholders effectively and present actionable insights that drive software improvement!


### Who is it for?

This course is tailored for experienced UX researchers who want to elevate their skills in usability testing and data analysis. If you're ready to tackle complex challenges and enhance your professional capabilities, this course is for you!

- Experienced UX researchers
- Software developers
- Product managers
- Design teams
- End users

**Recommended skill level: Advanced**


### Prerequisites

To make the most of this advanced course, you should have:

- 💡 Strong understanding of basic UX research principles
- 🛠️ Experience in conducting usability tests
- 📊 Familiarity with data analysis tools
- 🔍 Ability to interpret qualitative and quantitative data
- 📈 Knowledge of stakeholder engagement strategies

### What's inside

In this course, you'll dive into a wealth of knowledge and practical skills, including:

- Defining the Research Landscape
- Innovative Usability Testing Techniques
- Data Collection Mastery
- Stakeholder Engagement Strategies
- Ethics in UX Research
- Crafting Compelling Reports and Presentations

**Interactive Quizzes**

Each module includes self-assessment quizzes to reinforce your learning and gauge your understanding of advanced usability concepts.

**Homework**

You will complete hands-on assignments, including developing project briefs, testing plans, and final presentations to apply your learning practically.

**Practical Project**

Conduct a comprehensive usability study for a complex software application, providing actionable insights and recommendations for improvement.

**Before You Start**

Before diving in, review the course's prerequisites and familiarize yourself with the tools you'll need for data analysis and usability testing.

**Books to Read**

Recommended readings will help you deepen your understanding of advanced UX research methodologies and ethical considerations in research.

**Glossary**

A comprehensive glossary of key terms will be provided to assist you throughout the course.


### What will you learn

By the end of this course, you will:

- Conduct comprehensive usability studies with confidence
- Analyze qualitative and quantitative data effectively
- Engage stakeholders throughout the research process
- Present findings professionally to influence decision-making
- Address ethical considerations in UX research

**Time to complete this course: 8-12 weeks, with 15-20 hours of dedicated study per week.**


### Enroll now and elevate your UX research skills!

A solid grasp of fundamental UX research principles is crucial, as this course builds on those concepts to explore advanced methodologies and applications.

Strong Understanding of Basic UX Research Principles

Hands-on experience with usability testing is necessary to effectively apply advanced techniques and interpret results in real-world scenarios.

Experience in Conducting Usability Tests

Proficiency in data analysis tools is important for transforming collected data into actionable insights, a key focus of this course.

Familiarity with Data Analysis Tools

# Transform Your UX Research Skills with Advanced Usability Studies!

Welcome to the Elevate UX Research course, where seasoned UX researchers like you can master advanced usability testing techniques and data analysis. This course is designed to deepen your knowledge and skills through hands-on projects and real-world applications. Prepare to engage stakeholders effectively and present actionable insights that drive software improvement!

## Who is it For?
This course is tailored for experienced UX researchers who want to elevate their skills in usability testing and data analysis. If you're ready to tackle complex challenges and enhance your professional capabilities, this course is for you!

### Skill Level
- Advanced

### Audience
- Experienced UX researchers
- Software developers
- Product managers
- Design teams
- End users

## Prerequisites
To make the most of this advanced course, you should have:
- Strong understanding of basic UX research principles
- Experience in conducting usability tests
- Familiarity with data analysis tools
- Ability to interpret qualitative and quantitative data
- Knowledge of stakeholder engagement strategies

## What's Inside?
In this course, you'll dive into a wealth of knowledge and practical skills, including:
- **Modules:**
  - Defining the Research Landscape
  - Innovative Usability Testing Techniques
  - Data Collection Mastery
  - Stakeholder Engagement Strategies
  - Ethics in UX Research
  - Crafting Compelling Reports and Presentations

- **Quizzes:** Each module includes self-assessment quizzes to reinforce your learning and gauge your understanding of advanced usability concepts.
- **Assignments:** You will complete hands-on assignments, including developing project briefs, testing plans, and final presentations to apply your learning practically.
- **Practical Project:** Conduct a comprehensive usability study for a complex software application, providing actionable insights and recommendations for improvement.
- **Before You Start:** Before diving in, review the course's prerequisites and familiarize yourself with the tools you'll need for data analysis and usability testing.
- **Books to Read:** Recommended readings will help you deepen your understanding of advanced UX research methodologies and ethical considerations in research.
- **Glossary:** A comprehensive glossary of key terms will be provided to assist you throughout the course.

## What Will You Learn?
By the end of this course, you will:
- Conduct comprehensive usability studies with confidence
- Analyze qualitative and quantitative data effectively
- Engage stakeholders throughout the research process
- Present findings professionally to influence decision-making
- Address ethical considerations in UX research

## Time to Complete
8-12 weeks, with 15-20 hours of dedicated study per week.

Enroll now and elevate your UX research skills!

A systematic evaluation of a software application to assess its user-friendliness and effectiveness.

The process of inspecting, cleansing, and modeling data to discover useful information and support decision-making.

A field of study focused on understanding user behaviors, needs, and motivations to enhance product design.

The process of involving all parties interested in or affected by a project to ensure their needs are met.

Non-numeric information gathered through interviews, observations, or open-ended surveys to understand user experiences.

Numeric data collected through surveys or experiments, used to quantify behaviors and patterns.

A method comparing two versions of a webpage or app to determine which performs better.

Conducting usability tests with participants in different locations, often using screen sharing and video conferencing.

A technique that measures where and how long a user looks at different areas of a screen.

Fictional characters created based on user research to represent different user types and their needs.

The process of clearly stating what a usability study aims to achieve.

The process of selecting individuals to take part in usability testing.

Common behaviors observed in users during usability testing that indicate how they interact with a product.

Standards that govern the conduct of research to ensure respect and protection for participants.

A process ensuring that participants understand the nature of the research and agree to take part.

The graphical representation of information and data to make complex data more accessible.

A detailed document summarizing the findings, insights, and recommendations from a usability study.

Methods used to effectively communicate findings and engage an audience during presentations.

Systems put in place to gather user feedback during and after usability studies.

Suggestions for improving a product's design based on insights gathered from usability studies.

The process of making sense of collected data to extract meaningful insights.

Various approaches used to evaluate a product's usability, including moderated and unmoderated tests.

Results from research that are presented in a persuasive manner to influence stakeholders.

A program designed to perform specific tasks for users, often evaluated in usability studies.

The process of outlining the steps and methodologies for conducting a usability study.

A comprehensive document that summarizes the usability study's purpose, methods, findings, and recommendations.

Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have an interest or investment in the usability study. This includes software developers, product managers, design teams, and end users. Understanding their dynamics is crucial as it allows you to tailor your research approach according to their expectations.

Identify key stakeholders and their roles in the project.

Analyze their motivations and how they influence the usability study.

Recognize potential conflicts of interest among stakeholders.

🔍 **Tip:** Use stakeholder mapping tools to visualize relationships and influence levels.

Aligning Research Objectives with Stakeholder Needs

Once you understand your stakeholders, the next step is to align your research objectives with their needs. This alignment ensures that your usability study is relevant and valuable.

Conduct interviews or surveys to gather stakeholder expectations.

Draft research objectives that reflect these needs.

Share your objectives with stakeholders for feedback and buy-in.

"Successful research is not just about the data; it's about the people behind it."

Developing Effective Communication Strategies

Effective communication is the backbone of stakeholder engagement. Developing a robust communication strategy helps in keeping stakeholders informed and involved throughout the research process.

Identify the preferred communication channels for each stakeholder.

Schedule regular updates to share progress and findings.

Create a feedback loop to ensure stakeholder concerns are addressed.

💬 **Common Mistake:** Avoiding communication leads to misunderstandings and misaligned objectives.

Now it's time to apply what you've learned. Create a stakeholder map for your upcoming usability study.

Identify at least five key stakeholders for your usability study.

Analyze their motivations and expectations.

Use a power-interest grid to categorize them.

Draft a brief summary of how you plan to engage each stakeholder.

Real-World Example: Case Study of a Successful Usability Study

Consider the case of a software company that conducted a usability study for a new application. By mapping out stakeholders early in the process, they identified a key concern from the marketing team regarding user onboarding.

They aligned their research objectives to include specific onboarding tasks and kept the marketing team involved throughout the study. This resulted in actionable insights that led to a significant improvement in the onboarding experience, demonstrating the value of stakeholder engagement.

Reflect on how understanding stakeholder dynamics can enhance your usability studies. Consider how you can implement these strategies in your upcoming projects.

Homework: Stakeholder Engagement Plan

Mapping the Stakeholder Terrain

Stakeholder Dynamics Quiz

User personas are fictional characters created based on real user data to represent different user types within a targeted demographic. They help UX researchers and designers understand user needs, experiences, behaviors, and goals. By leveraging user personas, you can tailor your usability studies to address specific user pain points and motivations.

"Personas are a way to put a face on a user group, making it easier to empathize with their needs." - UX Design Expert

Creating user personas is crucial for effective usability studies. They provide a clear focus for your research and help align your objectives with user needs. User personas can also facilitate better communication with stakeholders, ensuring everyone is on the same page regarding who the end users are.

Enhance empathy for users by understanding their backgrounds, goals, and frustrations.

Guide the design and testing process by keeping the user personas at the forefront.

Facilitate discussions with stakeholders by providing a clear representation of user needs.

To create accurate user personas, you need to gather qualitative and quantitative data. This data can be collected through various methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations. Here’s a step-by-step guide to gathering data for persona creation:

Conduct user interviews to gather in-depth insights into user behaviors and motivations.

Utilize surveys to collect quantitative data on user demographics and preferences.

Analyze existing user data from analytics tools to identify patterns and trends.

Compile your findings to identify distinct user segments.

Once you have gathered sufficient data, you can begin creating user personas. Each persona should include:

A name and photo to humanize the persona.

Demographic information such as age, gender, and occupation.

User goals and motivations that drive their behavior.

Pain points and challenges they face related to the software application.

Preferred channels of communication and interaction.

Empathy is essential in UX research. By understanding your user personas deeply, you can create solutions that truly meet their needs. Here are practical exercises to develop empathy:

Conduct empathy mapping sessions with your team to visualize user experiences.

Create journey maps for each persona to outline their interactions with the software.

Role-play scenarios where team members take on the persona's perspective.

🚨 Common Mistake: Overgeneralizing personas based on limited data. Always ensure that your personas are backed by comprehensive research to avoid misrepresentation.

Consider a software application designed for project management. By creating user personas such as "Project Manager Pam" and "Freelancer Frank," the research team can tailor usability tests to address specific needs. Pam may prioritize collaboration features, while Frank may focus on task management. Understanding these differences enables the team to create a more effective product.

Hands-On Exercise: Create Your User Personas

Now it's your turn! Based on the data you have or can gather, create at least two user personas for your upcoming usability study. Ensure that each persona includes the elements discussed above.

Draft your user personas and share them with your peers for feedback.

Revise your personas based on peer input and prepare them for your usability study.

Homework: User Persona Development

User Personas: The Heart of Your Research

User Personas Quiz

Setting clear research goals is the foundation of any successful usability study. Without well-defined objectives, your research may lack direction, leading to ambiguous results that fail to meet stakeholder expectations.

SMART is an acronym that stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. These criteria help ensure that your research goals are clear and attainable.

🔍 **Tip:** Always revisit your goals during the research process to ensure they remain relevant and achievable as new insights emerge.

Aligning Goals with Stakeholder Expectations

Engaging stakeholders early in the goal-setting process is crucial. By understanding their needs and expectations, you can tailor your research objectives accordingly. This alignment not only fosters collaboration but also enhances the relevance of your findings.

Practical Exercise: Goal Alignment Workshop

Once your goals are defined, it's essential to communicate them clearly to all stakeholders. Use straightforward language and visual aids to ensure everyone understands the objectives.

"The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place." - George Bernard Shaw

1. **Vagueness:** Avoid ambiguous language that can lead to misinterpretation.

2. **Overcomplication:** Keep your goals simple and focused.

3. **Neglecting Stakeholder Input:** Failing to engage stakeholders can result in misaligned goals.

Real-World Example: Goal Setting in Action

Consider a software company launching a new application. The project manager gathers input from developers, designers, and marketing teams to define research goals. They establish that the primary goal is to improve user onboarding, measured by a 30% reduction in time taken to complete the onboarding process within three months.

Hands-On Exercise: Define Your SMART Goals

1. Choose a usability study you are currently working on or plan to conduct.

2. Write down three SMART goals that align with your research objectives and stakeholder expectations.

3. Share these goals with a peer or mentor for feedback.

Homework: Goal Setting for Your Usability Study

Setting Clear Research Goals

Research Goals Assessment

Understanding the Components of a Research Plan

A comprehensive research plan serves multiple purposes: it aligns your objectives with stakeholders, provides a roadmap for your study, and ensures efficient resource management. Key components include: 
- **Objectives:** Clearly defined goals that guide your research. 
- **Methodologies:** The approaches you will use to collect and analyze data. 
- **Timelines:** A schedule detailing when each phase of your research will take place. 
- **Resources:** Identification of tools, personnel, and budget needed for the study.

Aligning Methodologies with Research Goals

Choosing the right methodologies is crucial. For example, if your goal is to understand user behavior, qualitative methods like interviews or usability testing may be appropriate. Conversely, if you aim to measure task completion rates, quantitative methods such as A/B testing can yield valuable data. Here's a quick checklist for aligning methodologies with goals:
- Identify your primary research questions.
- Determine which methods best answer those questions.
- Consider the strengths and limitations of each method.

Effective resource management can make or break your usability study. Start by creating a detailed inventory of all resources required:
- **Personnel:** Who will be involved in the research? Consider roles like moderators, analysts, and stakeholders.
- **Tools:** Identify software and tools needed for data collection and analysis (e.g., analytics tools, survey software).
- **Budget:** Estimate costs associated with each resource. Ensure you have contingency plans for unexpected expenses.

A well-structured timeline keeps your project on track. Here’s how to create one:
1. **Define Key Milestones:** Identify critical phases such as planning, data collection, and analysis.
2. **Set Deadlines:** Assign realistic deadlines for each milestone, considering potential delays.
3. **Iterative Feedback Loops:** Build in time for stakeholder feedback and adjustments throughout the project.

When drafting your research plan, ensure it is clear and concise. A good structure might include:
- **Introduction:** Overview of the research context.
- **Objectives:** Specific, measurable goals.
- **Methodologies:** Detailed description of methods and why they were chosen.
- **Timeline:** Visual representation of the project schedule.
- **Resources:** Comprehensive list of required resources.

🛑 Common Pitfalls to Avoid in Research Planning

Practical Exercise: Draft Your Research Plan

To solidify your understanding, draft a preliminary research plan for your usability study. Include:
- Objectives
- Methodologies
- Timeline
- Resource needs
Share your draft with a peer for feedback.

Real-World Example: Successful Research Plans

Consider the case of a software development company that successfully improved its product through a well-crafted research plan. They defined specific user pain points, selected appropriate methodologies, and engaged stakeholders throughout the process, resulting in actionable insights that led to a 30% increase in user satisfaction.

Homework: Crafting Your Research Plan

Crafting Your Research Plan

Research Plan Quiz

A project brief serves as the foundation for your usability study, outlining the essential elements that guide your research process. It not only communicates your objectives but also engages stakeholders by aligning their interests with your research goals.

To create an effective project brief, consider including the following key components:
- **Project Title:** A concise title that captures the essence of the usability study.
- **Objectives:** Clearly defined goals that articulate what you aim to achieve.
- **Methodologies:** An overview of the research methods you plan to use.
- **Scope:** A description of what the study will cover, including user personas and software applications.

"A clear project brief is the blueprint for successful UX research. It aligns expectations and sets the stage for impactful insights." — UX Expert

Follow these steps to draft a compelling project brief:
1. **Identify Stakeholder Needs:** Conduct a stakeholder analysis to understand their motivations and expectations.
2. **Define User Personas:** Create detailed user personas that represent your target audience.
3. **Outline Objectives:** Use the SMART criteria to define Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound objectives.
4. **Detail Methodologies:** Specify the methodologies you will use, ensuring they align with your objectives.

📝 **Tip:** Always keep your audience in mind when drafting the brief. Tailor your language and details to resonate with stakeholders' interests.

Engaging Stakeholders Through Documentation

A project brief is not just a document; it is a tool for engagement. By sharing your brief with stakeholders, you can:
- **Facilitate Discussions:** Encourage feedback and discussions around the project scope and objectives.
- **Align Expectations:** Ensure that all parties are on the same page regarding the study's goals and methodologies.
- **Build Relationships:** Foster trust and collaboration by involving stakeholders from the beginning.

When developing your project brief, be mindful of these common pitfalls:
- **Vagueness:** Avoid ambiguous language; be clear and concise.
- **Overloading Information:** Keep it focused; too much detail can overwhelm stakeholders.
- **Ignoring Feedback:** Be open to stakeholder input and adjust your brief accordingly.

Practical Exercise: Draft Your Project Brief

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice. Draft a project brief for your usability study, incorporating the key components discussed. Share it with a peer for feedback and make necessary adjustments.

Reflect on how this exercise enhances your understanding of stakeholder engagement and the importance of clear communication in UX research.

Homework: Finalize Your Project Brief

Developing a Project Brief

Project Brief Quiz

Stakeholders have diverse interests and expectations that can significantly influence the direction of your usability study. Understanding these interests is crucial for aligning your research objectives. Begin by identifying who your stakeholders are, what they value, and how they measure success. This knowledge allows you to tailor your research to meet their expectations.

Building Effective Communication Strategies

Effective communication is at the heart of successful stakeholder engagement. To build strong relationships, consider the following strategies:
- **Regular Updates**: Keep stakeholders informed about progress and findings through regular updates, whether via email or brief meetings.
- **Tailored Messaging**: Customize your communication style to suit the audience. Technical stakeholders may prefer detailed data, while others may appreciate high-level summaries.

Utilize visual aids, such as charts and graphs, to present complex data clearly.

Practice active listening during discussions to understand stakeholder concerns and feedback.

An engagement plan serves as a roadmap for how you will interact with stakeholders throughout your usability study. This plan should include:
- **Objectives**: Define what you aim to achieve through stakeholder engagement.
- **Methods of Communication**: Specify how and when you will communicate with stakeholders (e.g., meetings, reports, emails).
- **Feedback Mechanisms**: Establish how you will gather and incorporate feedback from stakeholders into your research.

Conduct a stakeholder analysis for your current usability study project. Identify key stakeholders, their interests, and how they can influence your research. This exercise will help you understand the dynamics at play and prepare for effective engagement.

Engaging Stakeholders Throughout the Project Lifecycle

Stakeholder engagement should not be a one-time event; it must be an ongoing process. Here are strategies for engaging stakeholders throughout different phases of your usability study:
- **Planning Phase**: Involve stakeholders in defining research objectives and methodologies.
- **Testing Phase**: Share preliminary findings and gather input on test scenarios.
- **Reporting Phase**: Present findings in a way that addresses stakeholder interests and concerns.

"Engagement is not just about informing stakeholders; it's about involving them in the process to create a sense of ownership and commitment."

Reflect on how aligning your research with stakeholder interests can enhance the usability study's impact. Consider how you can implement these strategies in your current projects to improve relationships and outcomes.

Aligning Research with Stakeholder Interests

Stakeholder Engagement Quiz

Establish a strong foundation for your usability study by defining objectives, identifying key user personas, and understanding stakeholder expectations. This module sets the stage for a successful research journey.

Defining the Research Landscape

A/B testing is a powerful tool in the UX research arsenal, allowing researchers to compare two versions of a product to determine which performs better. By understanding the principles of A/B testing, you can make data-driven decisions that significantly improve user experience.

A/B testing, also known as split testing, involves presenting two variants (A and B) of a webpage or app to users at random, measuring the performance of each variant against a predetermined goal. This methodology is crucial in UX research because it provides concrete data on user preferences, enabling informed design decisions.

💡 Tip: Always ensure that your sample size is large enough to yield statistically significant results to avoid making decisions based on inconclusive data.

A/B testing can be applied in various scenarios, including:
- **Landing Pages**: Test different headlines, layouts, or calls-to-action to see which version converts better.
- **Feature Changes**: Compare user interactions with a new feature versus the existing one.
- **Content Variations**: Analyze how different content presentations affect user engagement.

Once testing is complete, analyzing the outcomes is critical. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. **Collect Data**: Gather quantitative data such as conversion rates, click-through rates, and user engagement metrics.
2. **Statistical Analysis**: Use statistical methods to determine if the differences observed are significant.
3. **Interpret Results**: Understand what the data means in the context of user behavior and make recommendations based on these insights.

1. **Choose a Variable**: Select an element of your product to test (e.g., button color, headline).
2. **Create Two Versions**: Develop version A and version B.
3. **Set Up Your Test**: Use an A/B testing tool (like Google Optimize) to randomly serve the two versions to users.
4. **Monitor Results**: Track user interactions and collect data for analysis.

"In God we trust; all others bring data." - W. Edwards Deming

- **Testing Too Many Variables**: Focus on one variable at a time to ensure clarity in results.
- **Insufficient Sample Size**: A small sample can lead to misleading results. Aim for a statistically significant sample.

✅ Define your objective clearly.
✅ Ensure a large enough sample size.
✅ Randomly assign users to each variant.
✅ Analyze results with statistical methods.

Homework: A/B Testing Application

A/B Testing Methodologies

A/B Testing Quiz

Remote usability testing allows researchers to observe users as they interact with a product from their own environment. This method can be conducted through moderated or unmoderated sessions, enabling a diverse range of participants to be involved regardless of their location.

Access to a broader participant pool, including international users.

Reduced logistical costs associated with in-person testing.

Flexibility in scheduling tests, accommodating participants' availability.

Real-world context as users interact with products in their natural environment.

Technical issues related to internet connectivity and software.

Limited ability to observe non-verbal cues compared to in-person testing.

Potential distractions in participants' environments.

Several tools can facilitate remote usability testing, including:

**Zoom** or **Google Meet** for moderated sessions.

**Lookback** or **UserTesting** for recording user interactions.

**Optimal Workshop** for card sorting and tree testing.

**Hotjar** for heatmaps and session recordings.

Analyzing Data Collected from Remote Tests

Once the usability tests are conducted, analyzing the data is crucial. This includes both qualitative feedback and quantitative metrics. Here are steps to effectively analyze the data:

Transcribe and categorize qualitative feedback into themes.

Calculate key performance indicators (KPIs) such as task success rate and time on task.

Identify patterns in user behavior that indicate usability issues.

Prepare a report summarizing findings and actionable recommendations.

Hands-On Exercise: Conduct a Remote Usability Test

To apply what you've learned, conduct a remote usability test using a software application of your choice. Follow these steps:

Select a software application that you want to test.

Identify at least three participants for your remote usability test.

Use a tool like Zoom to conduct the test, ensuring you record the session.

Document user interactions, noting any difficulties or points of confusion.

Analyze the data collected and prepare a brief report of your findings.

Expert Tip: Engaging Participants Remotely

💡 **Tip:** To keep participants engaged during remote tests, ensure clear communication about the process and expectations. Provide a brief overview of the test and encourage them to think aloud as they navigate the software.

⚠️ **Pitfall:** Failing to test the technology beforehand can lead to disruptions during the session.

Homework: Conducting Remote Usability Tests

Remote Usability Testing

Explore advanced usability testing methodologies that push the boundaries of traditional approaches. Learn to select and implement the most effective testing methods tailored to your study's goals.

Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability

The Design of Everyday Things

Rocket Surgery Made Easy: The Do-It-Yourself Guide to Finding and Fixing Usability Problems

About Face: The Essentials of Interaction Design

Measuring the User Experience: Collecting, Analyzing, and Presenting Usability Metrics

A Practical Guide to Usability Testing

The User Experience Team of One: A Research and Design Survival Guide

Designing for Interaction: Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices

The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond

Lean UX: Designing Great Products with Agile Teams

Embrace the knowledge within these pages to enhance your skills and transform your approach to usability studies. Happy reading!