A systematic investigation that focuses on quantifying relationships, behaviors, or phenomena using statistical techniques.

The process of inspecting, cleansing, and modeling data to discover useful information and support decision-making.

Programs designed for data analysis, including SPSS, R, and SAS, which facilitate complex statistical computations.

A structured program or strategy implemented to improve educational outcomes, assessed through quantitative methods.

Principles guiding the conduct of research, including integrity, respect for participants, and adherence to ethical standards.

A clear, focused question that guides the research process, determining what the study seeks to answer.

A testable prediction about the relationship between variables, formulated before data collection.

Methods used to select participants from a population for a study, impacting the validity of findings.

Statistical methods that summarize and describe the features of a dataset, including measures of central tendency.

Techniques that allow conclusions to be drawn about a population based on a sample, often involving hypothesis testing.

The systematic gathering of information for analysis, using tools like surveys, interviews, or observations.

A preliminary trial run of a study or instrument to identify potential issues before full-scale implementation.

Graphical displays of data, such as charts and graphs, that help convey complex information clearly.

Factors that may affect the validity or generalizability of study findings, acknowledged in research reporting.

A comprehensive survey of existing research relevant to a specific topic, establishing context and justification for a study.

Factors related to the moral implications of research, ensuring participant safety, consent, and data integrity.

The overall strategy outlining how a study will be conducted, including methodology and data collection approaches.

The process of making sense of collected data, determining its meaning and implications in the context of the research.

The presentation of research results to various audiences, emphasizing clarity and relevance to stakeholders.

The degree to which research findings reflect the true values or characteristics of the population being studied.

The extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure, ensuring credible results.

The consistency of a measure, indicating that repeated applications yield similar results.

A tool used to ensure that all ethical standards and guidelines are followed throughout the research process.

A brief summary of a research study, highlighting the main objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.

The organized format of a research paper, typically including sections like introduction, methodology, results, and discussion.