A vulnerability that occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer than it can hold, potentially allowing code execution.

Return-Oriented Programming chain allows attackers to execute code by leveraging existing code snippets, bypassing security measures.

A technique used to take advantage of a vulnerability in software or hardware to gain unauthorized access or control.

The practice of protecting Internet of Things devices and networks from cyber threats and vulnerabilities.

Weaknesses in cloud computing environments that can be exploited to compromise data security and integrity.

A simulated cyber attack on a system to evaluate its security, identify vulnerabilities, and assess defenses.

Approaches developed to reduce or eliminate risks associated with identified vulnerabilities.

Technologies and processes designed to protect systems from unauthorized access and attacks.

The process of identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing vulnerabilities in a system.

A structured approach to identifying and assessing potential threats to a system or application.

A comprehensive document detailing the findings, methodologies, and recommendations from a penetration test.

The process of creating a working exploit to demonstrate the impact of a vulnerability.

The overall security status of an organization, reflecting its ability to protect against threats.

Authorized hacking to identify and rectify vulnerabilities, ensuring system integrity and security.

The process of identifying and removing errors or bugs in software code.

Measures taken to improve the security of an application by identifying vulnerabilities.

A testing technique that involves inputting random data to find security loopholes in software.

Manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information, often used in cybersecurity breaches.

A systematic evaluation of an organization's information system security measures.

Automated tools used to identify security weaknesses in systems and networks.

A device or software application that monitors network or system activities for malicious activities.

Mechanisms that restrict access to resources based on user permissions.

Exploiting a vulnerability to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected.

An attack where an attacker inserts malicious code into a vulnerable application.

Updates designed to fix vulnerabilities in software or hardware.

Malicious software that allows unauthorized remote access to a device.